International Journal of Ethiopian Studies (IJES) is an interdisciplinary, refereed journal dedicated to scholarly research relevant to or informed by the Ethiopian experience. IJES publishes two issues a year of original work in English and Amharic to readers around the world. Established in 2002, the IJES is dedicated to the research and study of Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa. The journal contains original articles, reviews, and features filled with relevant, in-depth information on important issues. It serves as a venue for the sharing and cross fertilization of research by scholars working on issues that matter to the region and promotes important voices internationally. PUBLISHER & EDITORIAL DIRECTOR Elias Wondimu, Loyola Marymount University SENIOR EDITORS Alemayehu Gebremariam, California State University, San Bernardi Maimire Mennasemay, Dawson College Theodore Vestal, Oklahoma State University GUEST EDITORS Alemante Gebreselassie, College of William & Mary Berhanu Abegaz, College of William & Mary
